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Ronald Sukenick is one of
the leading lights of postmodern literature in the United States. He was a founding member
of the Fiction Collective, a famed alternative press started in 1974 and still thriving.
His first novel was published in 1968. Since then, in over a dozen works, hes
written short story collections, literary criticism, cultural history, and several more
novels. Narralogues, published this year by the State
University of New York (SUNY) Press, is a slim 133-page volume, but it has the
wide-ranging scope of a major work. For anyone whose eyes glaze over when confronted with
innovative writing, Sukenicks book is surprisingly accessible and enormously fun to
read. "Ive got the hots for you," he informs us in the introduction. After
all, storytelling is "an erotic adventure." True to his word, Narralogues
is a palpably seductive blend of autobiography, fiction, satire and politics.
Sukenicks view is that literary
fiction has been thoroughly usurped by the entertainment industry. Were drowning in
novels and stories designed to narcotize us with "mind-numbing make-believe" and
"intellectual passivity." Too often, the most interesting writers are
marginalized and ignored. Valiant small presses are fighting "an uneven battle"
against "publishing conglomerates and the electronic media." Sukenick wants his
work to stand as a rebuke to the avalanche of mainstream literature that "robotically
reflects the status quo with no illuminating angle of its own." If this sounds as if
hes written little more than a harangue aimed at our media-saturated age, that would
be a misconception. "Literature," he says, "should not try to mirror our
experience, it should intervene in it." Sukenicks goal in Narralogues
is to intervene in our lives as readers, to liberate our confining notions of what fiction
is and what it is capable of expressing.
With influences as diverse as Platos Dialogues and Laurence Sternes Tristram Shandy, and with nods to the American Beats
and the French Situationists, the ten "narralogues" that make up Sukenicks
book mesh disparate styles and forms. At times, he abandons words altogether for
pictograms that resemble cave drawings. A recurring character named Waldo -- an underpaid
teaching assistant and part-time pornographer -- exclaims at one point: "Im
simply saying that the forms of culture we have to work with dont work and that the
only kind of form worth talking about today is form thats completely
eccentric." Theres no shortage of eccentricity in Narralogues.
Categories and genres collapse into one another and redefine themselves. How can words
validate our lives when "even autobiography has become a commodity"? Sukenick
believes that we need a subversive literature that isnt afraid to question our
cultural assumptions. He delights in turning his stories upside down and inside out, such
as when a seemingly fictional moment is reinterpreted for us in a postscript titled
"Feedback Fed Back":
The Norwegian freighter episode, speaking of human interest, was actually a trip I took with my ex-wife, with whom I remained deeply if ambivalently attached. She died recently of breast cancer. She always used to complain that I didnt put her into my stories. So here she is, now that its too late.
Like a circus ringmaster or a loquacious talk show host, Sukenick
flits in and out of his narralogues, sometimes appearing in the first person, sometimes in
the third. Characters argue with him, or talk about him behind his back. He becomes a
Henry Milleresque sexual braggart proclaiming that a characters lewd exploits are
actually based on Sukenicks "explosive sexuality" following a reading at
the University of Iowa Fiction Workshop. In another guise, hes a sour expatriate
drawing a startling parallel between the looted ruins of Rome and his dying mother robbed
of her medical insurance in Reagans supply-side America. He can also be found in the
Colorado Mountains (Sukenick is an English professor at the University of Colorado,
Boulder) contemplating the apocalyptic symbolism of a raging snow storm while fretting
about the C.I.A.s interest in one of his novels.
What is the net effect of this hyperactive authorial gamesmanship?
Without personally knowing Sukenick, for instance, can we be certain that the postscript
about his ex-wifes death is any more "true" than the assumed fiction that
precedes it? The subtitle of his book is "Truth in Fiction," and it seems clear
that literary truth for Sukenick isnt about documentary mimesis. Rather, its
being faithful to our innate sense of creativity and artistic vision: "the moment of
truth in fiction is the moment of composition." Sukenick still has at least one foot
in the 1960s counterculture revolution. He fervently believes that writing should be a
radical life-affirming enterprise, or what his teaching assistant Waldo refers to as
"Sukenicks yahoo ideas about art and social wellbeing, his corny conviction
that art in the long run could only justify itself by helping to create a culture that
abetted the richness of common experience and encouraged social justice."
Waldo is a wonderfully sly creation. Appearing in four of the
books narralogues, he has a love/hate relationship with Sukenick, who is
Waldos professor, mentor and literary guru. Waldo is the sort of disingenuous campus
leftist that Sukenick cant resist satirizing:
[Waldos] favorite thing was to methodically seduce as many of the coeds in his classes as possible, the better to politicize them. It was one of the advantages of being a low paid, no-benefit academic temp. Besides, he could double dip by using the seduction adventures in writing pornography to supplement his income. He also liked to get drunk and drive fast.
In the books introduction, Sukenick admits to having been
stung by left-wing critics who felt his work "didnt come to grips with
political reality." Waldos character seems in part a response to what Sukenick
perceives as leftist hypocrisy and tone deafness toward the arts. Throughout the book,
leftists and neoconservatives alike are skewered as narrow-minded ideologues. Waldo is
more than a poseur, however. Hes able to take to heart what Sukenick teaches him. In
a delicious twist of poetic injustice, Waldo eventually becomes a famous novelist by aping
his teachers writing style. Sukenick, meanwhile, remains at the university,
languishing as "an author of the kind of literary fiction nobody was much interested
in any more."
Its hard not to see Waldo as representative of hot young writers
like David Foster Wallace and Dave Eggers, both of whom have
brought a domesticated form of postmodernism to the bestseller list. Sukenick might be
inclined to shake his fist at the heavens and wonder why his own work -- which would
surely appeal to the Wallace and Eggers crowd -- hasnt met with similar success over
the years. Certainly Narralogues and his extraordinary 1999 novel, Mosaic Man, prove that Ronald Sukenick is writing
today with the kind of lucidness and artistry that few authors attain in the course of
their careers.
- Bob Wake